Possible Witchcraft Influence in Ancient Gospels Manuscript

In the 800s in western France, as Charlemagne’s successors worked to eliminate paganism, the manuscript known as the Harkness Gospels was produced. The illustrations in this copy of the Vulgate Gospels are suspected to express pagan mockery of the holy evangelists.  Some specialists suspect that the original orthodox illustrations were replaced by an artist involved in “maleficium,” defiling holy materials with the exaltation of pagan deities. 

The frontispiece, depicting all four evangelists with Jesus Christ in the center, derides the authors in two ways: first, as if they are all casting an ancient Frankish spell against rocks and paper, and second, as if the evangelist Mark is represented by a duck rather than a lion. Similarly in the interior of the manuscript, Mark is depicted as a horse-headed creature, Luke is represented by a humanoid horned creature with wings, and John’s symbol, instead of being a majestic eagle, is a lowly vulture. 

This blasphemous imagery would normally have never been allowed to survive in Christendom, but the Harkness Gospels were protected intact in the collection of a distinguished family until ownership passed to the family of Edward S. Harkness in 1926. The manuscript is now in a collection in New York, USA.

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